Cushing disease is hyperadrenocorticism caused by an ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland. Clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, alopecia, and muscle weakness. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the preferred diagnostic test. Treatment options include medical therapy, radiation, and surgery.
Breeds in which Cushing disease is commonly seen include:
Poodles, especially miniature poodles
Dachshunds
Boxers
Boston terriers
Yorkshire terriers
Staffordshire terriers
Large-breed dogs often have adrenal tumors, and there is a distinct predilection in females (3:1). In cats, hyperadrenocorticism is found in middle-aged to older cats, with a slight predilection in females (60%).
The most common clinical signs of Cushing disease in dogs and cats are:
polydipsia
polyuria
polyphagia
heat intolerance
lethargy
abdominal enlargement (“pot-belly”)
panting (dogs only)
muscle weakness
recurrent urinary tract infections
alopecia
thin, fragile skin (especially cats)
phlebectasias
comedones
bruising
cutaneous hyperpigmentation
calcinosis cutis
pyoderma
dermal atrophy (especially around scars)
secondary demodicosis
seborrhea
In cats, the most striking dermatologic sign is increased skin fragility; many cats present with self-inflicted cutaneous wounds. Secondary infections (especially respiratory) are also common in cats.
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